| 371 | BC | Battle of Leuctra: Epaminondas of Thebes defeats Cleombrotus I of Sparta -- Learn More |
| 83 | BC | Devastating fire destroys the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Romolo of Fiesole, Disciple of St. Peter, Bishop and Martyr, Patron of Fiesole, and that of St. Fermin, Patron of Pamplona |
| 432 | | Consecration of Pope St. Sixtus III (432-440) |
| 1266 | | Norway cedes Man and the Hebridies to Scotland |
| 1322 | | Battle of the Bassignana: The Visconti defeat their enemies |
| 1348 | | Pope Clement VII's first condemnation of violence against Jews by those blaming them for the Plague |
| 1483 | | Coronation of England's King Richard III (r. June 25, 1383-Aug. 22, 1385) |
| 1495 | | French King Charles VIII defeated the Italian League in the Battle of Foronovo / the Taro-- Learn More |
| 1553 | | Mary I ascends the throne of England (1553-1558) |
| 1560 | | Treaty of Edinburgh: Scotland abandons its French ties to ally with England |
| 1641 | | Battle of Sedan: Imperialists defeat the French |
| 1652 | | Netherlands declares war on England: First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-54) |
| 1685 | | Battle of Sedgemoor: King James II defeats his nephew the Duke of Monmouth |
| 1699 | | Capt William Kidd arrested in Boston |
| 1758 | | Carlo Della Torre Rezzonico elected Pope as Clement XIII (1758-1769) |
| 1777 | | Burgoyne's British & Hessians capture Fort Ticonderoga |
| 1782 | | Battle of Negapatam: Indecisive Anglo-French naval clash off India |
| 1801 | | First Naval Battle of Algeciras: Franco-Spanish squadron defeats the British |
| 1809 | | Napoleon defeated the Austrians on the second day of the Battle of Wagram -- Learn More |
| 1844 | | Radical Protestant Nativists in Philadelphia, tried to burn the Roman Catholic church of St. Philip Neri, leading to 12 deaths |
| 1861 | | Skirmish at Middle Creek Fork/Buckhannon, WVa |
| 1862 | | Battle of Devall's Bluff, AR |
| 1863 | | Battle of Williamsport/Hagerstown/Falling Waters Line, Md begins (to Jul 14) |
| 1864 | | Jubal Early's Rebs capture Hagerstown, Maryland |
| 1898 | | US Auxiliary Cruiser 'Dixie' captures three Spanish merchantmen |
| 1911 | | First naval air station established, Annapolis, MD. |
| 1917 | | T.E. Lawrence and the Arab Army capture Aqaba |
| 1937 | | Battle of Brunete: Spanish Republicans open offensive (defeated by 26th) |
| 1940 | | HM destroyer 'Griffen' was attacked in the English Channel by 36 Dornier bombers, suffering no casualties and only minor damage from near misses |
| 1942 | | German troops capture Voronez, USSR |
| 1942 | | The Frank family seeks shelter in the After house, Amsterdam |
| 1943 | | Kula Gulf: USS 'Helena' (CL-50) lost to "Tokyo Express," which loses a destroyer |
| 1943 | | U.S. ships begin periodic shelling of Japanese positions on Kiska |
| 1945 | | Movement to the US of captured German scientists and equipment begins |
| 1945 | | President Truman establishes the Medal of Freedom |
| 1967 | | Biafran War erupts as Nigerian forces invade secessionist province |
| 1976 | | Women are admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy for the first time |
| 1985 | | USS 'Nautilus' (SSN-571) arrives at Groton, Ct., to become a museum |
| 1987 | | Sikh extremists begin a series of massacres in India |
| 1989 | | Col. Oliver North convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and ordering the destruction of documents, in the Iran-Contra Scandal; later vacated |
| 1998 | | Anti-Catholic rioting in Northern Ireland |
| 1747 | | John Paul Jones, American naval hero and Russian admiral, who went "in harm's way", d. 1792 -- Learn More |
| 1781 | | Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore, d. July 5, 1826 |
| 1785 | | The US Dollar |
| 1796 | | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-55) |
| 1814 | | Justus McKinstry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| 1821 | | Edward Winston Pettus, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1907 |
| 1832 | | Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, sometime Emperor of Mexico (1862-1867), executed 1867 |
| 1879 | | Gunther Adolf Burstyn, Austrian Army officer, designer of the "Motorgeschütz", a proto-tank (1911), d. 1945 |
| 1892 | | Baron Willy Coppens de Houthulst, Belgian WW I ace, d. 1986 |
| 1909 | | Andrei Gromyko, Soviet Foreign Minister (1957-1985), d. 1989 |
| 1918 | | Eugene List, noted concert pianist & the GI who played for the "Big Three" at Potsdam, d. 1985 |
| 1923 | | Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski, Polish soldier, Communist Party head (1981-1989), Premier (1985-1989), President (1989-1990), d. 2014 |
| 1946 | | George W. Bush, Air Guardsman, President (2001-2009) |
| 1187 | | 200 Christian knights captured at Hattin, murdered by Saladin |
| 1189 | | King Henry II of England (1154-89), at 56 |
| 1415 | | Jan Hus, c. 42, burned for heresy, Constance, Germany |
| 1535 | | St. Sir Thomas More, 57, author, theologian, Lord Chancellor of Englans, executed by Henry VIII |
| 1553 | | King Edward VI Tudor of England (1547-53) at 15, tuberculosis |
| 1790 | | Gen. Sir George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, KB, British soldier, defender of Gibraltar, at 72 -- Learn More |
| 1802 | | Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary War hero, c. 66 -- Learn More [On the Nose] |
| 1849 | | Geoffredo Mameli, Italian nationalist, soldier-composer ("Fratelli d'Italia"), d/w at 21 -- https://youtu.be/8hNfB-unpd0?t=2 |
| 1893 | | Guy de Maupassant, 42, Volunteer of 1870, author ("Ball of Fat") |
| 1918 | | John Purroy Mitchel, 38, sometime Mayor of New York (1914-1918), US Army Air Service, air crash |
| 2009 | | Robert Strange McNamara, 93, sometime US SecDef, engineer of a disastrous military policy |
| 2015 | | John Maxtone-Graham, 85, sometime marine, maritime historian ("The Only Way to Cross," etc.) |